Insulin resistance, characterized by a decreased biological response to insulin, is a condition that can lead to the development of many diseases, including type 2 diabetes. It is associated with obesity, and may be influenced by physical activity and nutrition.
The molecular basis of insulin resistance involves a decrease in insulin cellular signaling, most commonly in its post-receptor transduction pathway. Therefore, our research focuses on identifying these mechanisms within skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
We conduct studies on individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we implement physical exercise or low-calorie diet programs for individuals with obesity.
To assess tissue sensitivity to insulin, we use the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique — the gold standard for measuring in vivo insulin sensitivity. We perform biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In these tissues, we analyze gene and protein expression. In experimental studies, we culture skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes, employing techniques such as gene silencing, electrical stimulation of differentiated myotubes, and glucose uptake assays in myotubes.
The results of our research enhance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. This knowledge contributes to developing personalized therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance-related diseases and identifying potential biomarkers.